What document must include the duties and qualifications of corporate officers?

The correct choice reflects that the by-laws of a corporation are the primary governing document that outlines important operational aspects, including the duties and qualifications of corporate officers. By-laws serve as the internal rules for managing the corporation and typically detail the procedures for appointing officers, their roles, responsibilities, and any specific qualifications needed for those positions.

When looking at the other documents, minutes of meetings are used to record the discussions and decisions made during board or shareholder meetings but do not outline roles or responsibilities. Articles of incorporation serve to legally establish a corporation and provide fundamental details such as the business name, purpose, and structure but do not usually delve into the specifics of officer duties. Share certificates are documents that represent ownership in the corporation and do not contain information regarding corporate governance or officer qualifications. Thus, by-laws are the relevant document for specifying such internal governance matters.