What is the primary function of the probate court?

The primary function of the probate court is to deal with testamentary matters and letters probate. This court is responsible for overseeing the distribution of a deceased person's estate according to their will, if one exists, or according to the laws of intestacy if there is no will. The role of the probate court includes validating the will, appointing an executor or personal representative to manage the estate, and ensuring that the decedent's debts and taxes are paid before any distribution of assets to beneficiaries occurs.

In this context, testamentary matters refer to issues arising from wills and estates, while letters probate are legal documents that provide the authority for an executor to act on behalf of the estate. Thus, the probate court fulfills a vital role in ensuring that the final wishes of deceased individuals are honored in a legal framework, which is distinct from the functions of other types of courts.

The other options represent functions tied to different areas of law; commercial disputes are typically resolved in civil courts, appellate courts review decisions made by lower courts, and criminal charges are adjudicated in criminal courts. Each of these areas addresses separate legal issues that are outside the specific scope of probate matters.