What must be established by law concerning the salary of judges to ensure judicial independence?

To ensure judicial independence, it is essential to establish by law the right to salary and pension for judges. This legal foundation protects judges from arbitrary financial actions that could affect their impartiality and freedom to make decisions without fear of economic repercussions. When judges have guaranteed salaries and pensions, it reinforces their ability to perform their duties without outside pressure or influence, which is crucial for maintaining a fair and independent judiciary.

Establishing this right by law also prevents the executive or legislative branches of government from having undue influence over judges by manipulating their compensation. This is vital for preserving the separation of powers, which in turn upholds the integrity of the judicial system. A well-defined and legally enshrined salary and pension system allows judges to focus on the law and justice rather than worries about financial insecurity, thereby enhancing public confidence in the judicial process.