When do the principles of natural justice apply?

The principles of natural justice apply primarily in situations where state interactions could significantly impact an individual's rights. This concept is rooted in the idea that individuals should have the opportunity to be heard and to present their case before any decision that may adversely affect their rights or interests is made.

In the context of legal proceedings or administrative actions, natural justice typically encompasses two fundamental components: the right to a fair hearing and the right to an unbiased decision-maker. For instance, when a government agency or authority takes action that might affect an individual's legal rights, such as the denial of a permit, the imposition of a fine, or other administrative decisions, the principles of natural justice ensure that the individual is informed of the actions being taken against them and is given an opportunity to respond.

In contrast, while financial disputes, business negotiations, and criminal charges may involve different legal considerations, they do not universally invoke the principles of natural justice in the same way state interactions do. Financial disputes might not always involve governmental action, business negotiations typically concern private parties without a necessity for the same rights protections, and while criminal charges certainly involve significant rights implications, the context of this question is broader and emphasizes interactions with the state specifically. Thus, it is the connection to state actions impacting individual